Construction of buildings and parts of the same which are heat and cold insulating



H. POHLMANN AND P. FRANK.

CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND PARTS OF THE SAME WHICH ARE HEAT AND COLDINSULATING. APPLICATION FILED JULY 22, I920.

- ITASG, l 93. T Patented Nov. 21, 1922..

3 SHEETS$HEET 1.

H. POHLMANN AND P. FRANK.

CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS AND PARTS OF THE SAME WHICH ARE HEAAPPLICATION FILED JULY 22, 1920. 1,436,193..

T AND COLD INSULATING.

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H. POHLMANN AND P. FRANK.

ND PARTS OF THE SAME WHICH ARE HEAT APPLICATION FILED .IULY 22,1920.

CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS A AND COLD INSULATING.

Patented Nov. 21, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- Patented Nov, 21, 19212.,

HANS POI-ILMANN, 0 VTAN-DSBEK, AND

PAUL FRANK, OF HAMBURG, GERLEANY.

oousrzancrron or BUILDINGS AND rears or rem saris 'wnron nan HEAT ANDcorn nvsurarrue.

1 Application filed July 22,

' have filed applications in Germany Auu'ust 4, 1917, August 26, 1918;Netherlands May 23, 1919) and we do hereby declare the following to be afull, clear, and exact description of the same.

This invention relates to built-up structures, such as houses, parts andother buildings of any kind and for any purpose havingwalls, floors andceilings constructed in a manner to afford a, very efficient insulationagainst heat, cold and sound.

The employment of concrete and the like is contemplated, though concreteis a comparatively good conductor of heat for the construction ofcolumns, girders, and those supporting parts of the building, which haveto carry loads, while the other parts, such as walls, are constructedfrom hollow bodies made of materials which possess littleheat-conducting capacity.- But the said columns, girders, etc., areseparated from the adjacent parts of the building by air spaces. Boththese air spaces and the free spaces of the aforesaid hollow bodies,however, may just as well be filled with a material of littleheat-conductive properties, such as cork-meal, infusorial earth or thelike.

In order that the said invention may be clearly understood and readilycarried into effect, it now will be described more fully with referenceto the accompanying drawinns, in which Figure 1 is a perspectiveelevation of part of a building embodying this invention, part-ly'insection or broken away,

Figure 2 is a sectional plan view of a wall,

Figure 3 is a sectional plan view of a cornerof the building,

Figure 4 is a sectional plan view, of'a modified construction of theWall,

1920. $erial No. 398,304.

Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of part of a wall and ceiling,

'Figure 6 is a sectional elevation of a part of a roof structure withadjacent parts,

Figure 7 is a sectional elevation of part of a wall in a modifiedconstruction,

Figure 8 isa perspective view of part of the wall structure,

Figure 9 represents one of the reinforcinp; members shown in Figure 8,

Figure 10 is a sectional elevation of part of a wall in a modifiedconstruction,

Figures 11 and 12 represent each a reinforcing member adapted for use inthe modification shown in Figure 10.

In Figure l a part of a building constructed in accordance with theinvention s: illustrated. All supporting parts of the same, that have tocarry loads or are subject to strains are made of concrete, reinforcedconcrete or brick-work, or of a solid iron and wood construction. Thewalls, floors, ceilings and eventually the roof,'however, are 7constructed of hollow bodies 1 in the shap of boxes, cases or similarstructures. Such a hollow body represents in itself compact unity, itbeing of advantage in most cases to give the body a length of the doubleof its width.

The hollow bodies 1 are closed on the front and back and these two sides,or faces may be coated with, a layer of ordinary mortar, vconcrete orcement-mortar either before or 5 after theyhave been assembled toconstitute a wall, ceiling", etc, whereas those sides that come incontact with other hollow bodies of the same kind or with insulatedparts of the building are open.

To produce a ceilingor a wall, the hollow bodies are placed side by sideand the joints are filled. with mortar as usuallyvdone in a wall, madeof ordinary tiles. At the ends of the building and other places, wheresupporting structures must be provided, solid columns 3 and girders 4:made of concrete, reinforced concrete or brick-work, are lo cated. j

The columns 3 made of concrete are provided with reinforcements in theshape of iron bars or rods 5, or wires. The rods 5 are, if necessary,connected with each other by steadying cross-wires 6 or the like. The

or frames and door-frames are preferably also constructedof concrete orreinforced concrete and where it is necessary, ironbeams are embedded.

The construction of. a building is caried on in sucha way, that thebottom layer of hollow bodies is made first by placing the latter .asrequired side by side and Filling the joints with mortar. Thereafter thecolums or the like, if any, are built up, preterably only to the heightof the adjacent layer or layers of hollow bodies 1. 1 some cases,however, it may be of advantage to erect right away the columns or otherloadcarrying concreteeposts to the full of their height or up "to thefloor of the following upper story.

After one layer has been produced, the next one aboveis startedlay-placing the hollow bodies 1 again side by side and filling theirjoints with mortar, whereupon the column orcolumns are continued to beerected to the height of the second layer, provided they have not beenbuilt up from the beginning tothe full height of: the story. This modeof construction is continued. until the walls are erected up to thosepoints, where the horizontally or otherwise arranged supporting parts,such as floorbeams or girders 4'. or the like are to be placed. the wallof the ,next story is erected by means of hollow bodies 1 as before.

The'connection of the columns with their adjacent parts is, according tothis invention, carried out so, that .a free space or clearance isformed at the places, where the hollow bodies-or other parts meet thesaid columns so that the latter are separated by an air-volume, whichmay act as heat-co r ducting bodies. This is the leading idea of theinvention. The free spaces surrounding the columns may .be produced bycorrespondinglyshaping the hollow bodies 1 ad.-

r jacent to the column .or in lieu of such free spaces insulating bodiesmay be arranged between the columns and the adjacent of theconstruction.

Figure 2 shows a horizontal section of the wall. The hollow bodies 1comprise wooden frames covered with cardboard or similar sheetspreferably connected thereto by nails.

The sheets preferably consisting ofwaterproof material, are placedparallel to each other so that air-spaces are formed @by said sheets,which are separated from each other.

F ach hollow body comprises two parallel, right angular frames .8 madeof wood, which when thehollow bodies are assembled in the constructionoi a wall, stand wertically.

These frames extend fromthe center of the one column to thecenter of theother column. The hollow body 1 further comprises wooden parts 9, whichpreferably likewise On top of such supporting means parts.

wit-h a thick plate of concerete 12 and with a coat of mortar 2. y

igure 3 is a horizontal section through the corner of a buildinghavingwalls alike to that shown in Fig. 2.

In the modification shown in Fig. 14: the columns are of oblongCTOSSTSClilOIl while the cross-section in Figs. 2 and 3 square.Besides'this, only one sheet 10 is provided in thecenter OfGflCll hollowbody 1 and the hollow body 1 is so shaped, that-it surrounds the column3 on oneside with a projecting frame 6, so, that the joints are not in astraight line but in staggered relation.

Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of part of a wall. The frame 6 is hereenforced by a central ledge 13. The straight line joints 14;, betweentwoliollow bodiesl arefil'led with mortar 15 onlyto connectth'e concreteor mortar plates 12 below the mortar coat 2.

They are, in order to .obtain the desired .in-

sulation within their reach, subdivided. by card-board strips bent overto have acertain resilience. I a

.a Figure 6 isa similar sectional View of part of a roof andthe adjacentparts of the building.

Below the lat'hs 1'6 hollow bodies 1/ are in sorted whereby an ex ellentinsulation is obtained.

Figure 7 is a sectionalelevation of a wall made from, hollow bodies,whichare very narrow, as they only consist of wooden frames 17 with acentral .or medium ledge or stay 18 and two. insulating card-boards 19,nailed upon the frame 17 or otherwise fastened thereto. Upon the outercardboards 17, very thick layers of concrete or mortar are placedpreferably in the shape of plates 20, and :tree spaces 21 are providedtherebetween.,, i

As .a wall so far constructed would not be at sufficient strength,reinforcing or steadying irons 22 are embedded in the joints betweeneach two adjacent hollow bodies. The ends 23 of said irons are split andbent sideways to aflordfa firm grip for holding the structure in rigidconnection.

Figure 8 illustrates part. of the wallin a perspective View and Figure 9shows a .sin- 'gle iron or anchor 22 provided with holes 24 throughwhich nails or bolts may be passed for fastening purposes.

In the vertical section illustrated in Fig. reinforcing irons or anchorsof a different shape are shown, which are separately represented inFigures 11 and 12, and have a single or two gripping ends 26 and 27respectively.

In Figure 10 the hollow bodies similar to those in Figure 8 are likewiseheld together by irons or anchors 22. The other anchors 25 serve thespecial purpose of supporting boards 28 which co-operate with the insidefaces of the Wall bodies to constitute the mould for the girder 4.

In Figure 7 the frames 17 are, as already mentioned, reinforced byledges or stays 18.

This is however, not always necessary. Simple square or rectangularframes with out any such reinforcements may be used.

Having now described and ascertained the nature of our invention and themanner in which the same is to be performed we now declare what we claimand desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States 1. Abuilding comprising walls made of single superposed hollow bodies, solidsupporting members made of concrete and erected at the end of saidsuperposed bodies to form pillars or columns, and facing covers orplates made of concrete and spaced from the two opposite faces of saidpillars or columns to ensure a continuous air insulating space aroundthe latter and over the said bodies.

2. A building comprising walls made of single superposed hollow bodies,solid supporting pillars or columns made of concrete and erected at theend of said superposed bodies, ceilings or floors extending between saidwalls and said columns, girders or joists made of concrete within saidwalls, and facing covers or plates made of concrete and spaced from thetwo opposite faces of said columns and from the adjacent faces of theother stated supporting members to afford a continuous insulating airspace in front thereof.

3. A building comprising walls made of single superposed. hollow bodies,solid supporting pillars or columns made of concrete and erected. at theend of said superposed bodies, facing covers or plates made of concreteand spaced from the two opposite faces of said pillars or columns, andreinforcing irons or anchors extending across through the hollow bodiesand the facing plates and having split and bent ends to grip over thefacings.

4. A building comprising walls made of single superposed hollow bodies,solid sup porting pillars or columns made of concrete and erected at theend of said superposec. bodies, ceilings or floors extending betweensaid walls and said columns, girders or joists made of concrete withinsaid walls, facing plates made of concrete and spaced from the twoopposite faces of the said columns and from the adjacent faces of theother stated supporting members, and reinforcing irons or anchorsextending across through the hollow bodies and the facing plates andhaving split and bent up ends to grip over the facing. I

In testimony whereof, we have signed our names to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HANS POHLMANN. PAUL FRANK. Witnesses:

Ronow, ALFRED GREsI, Jr.

